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英语语法打卡英语语法打卡第11天: 1.动态动词与静态动词 (1)英语主动词按词汇意义可分为动态动词(Dynamic Verb)和静态动词(Stative Verb),绝大多数主动词是动态动词。,动态动词既可用于各种进行体,也可用于非进行体。如: It 's' raining.在下雨。 It never rains but it pours.不雨则已,一雨倾盆。 (2)静态动词是表示静止状态的动词,通常用于非进行体。包括以下4类动词 ●表示“是”“有”的动词:be,have, belong to,own, possess等; ●表示度量的动词:cost, weigh, measure, matter等; ●表示五官感觉的动词:hear,see,feel,tase, smell, sound,seem等; ●表示心理状态或情感状态的动词:believe, consider, think, suppose, expect, imagine,mind(介意),kmow, understand, remember, forget,love,like,hate,want,wis ish等。 want to go home now.我现在想回家。(不可用 am wanting) It doesn't' matter.不要紧。(不可用It isn't' mattering.) (3)少数静态动词在特殊情况下可用于进行体。如: He is being foolish.= He is behaving foolishly.他正在做出愚蠢的行为
英语语法打卡英语语法打卡第8天笔记: 条件状语从句 1.条件状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Condition)的引导词有:if, unless(除非), only if(只要), if only(但愿就好了),as/so long as(只要), provided/providing that(假如), suppose/supposing that(假如), on condition that(条件是…), in the event that(倘若), in case that(万一)等。 If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country.如果明天天气好,我们应该去乡村玩。 'll lend it to you as long as you handle it with care.只要你小心使用,我就借给你。 She will go unless it rains tomorrow.除非下雨,否则明天她是会去的。 Supposing that his words should prove to be true, what you have reported would be false.果他的话证实是真的,那你报告的就是假的。 2.条件句有两种:一种是真实条件句,表示现实的或可能会变为现实的条件,用陈述语气;另一种是非真实条件句,表示非现实的或不大可能会变为现实的条件,常用虚拟语气,具体参考“虚拟语气”部分。 If were you, would leave now.如果我是你,我现在就会离开。 3. only if和 if only的区别: ●only if(只要…)引导陈述语气的真实条件句,放在句首主句需用倒装语序; ● if only引导虚拟条件句,也可引导感叹句表示“但愿就好了”。
英语语法打卡语法打卡第五天: 三类限定词 在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时,就会产生限定词的先后顺序问题。按其不 同的搭配位置,限定词可分为前位限定词(Predeterminer)、中位限定词(Central Determiner)和后位限定 词(Postdeterminer) 前位限定词:all,both,half;倍数(double, twice, three times,etc.);分数(one--third, two-fifths, etc.); what(n), such(n)等。 中位限定词:冠词(the,a,an);指示代词(this,that, these, those);人称代词(my,your,etc);名 词属格(Mary's, my friend''s,etc.);不定代词(some,any,no, every,each, either, neither, enough); what(ever), which(ever), whose. 后位限定词:基数词(one,two, three,etc.;序数词(first, second, third,etc.);next,last, other, another, etc; many, much, (a) few, (a little, fewer, (the)fewest, less, (the) least, more, most; several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great/large/good number of, great/good deal of, a large/small amount of; such. 2.限定词的使用规则 (1)多个限定词同时限定同一名词时,遵循“前位+中位+后位”的基本顺序。同一个名词词组中,通常不可 以并用两个前位限定词或两个中位限定词,后位限定词可以叠用。如: both the brothers(前+中) all his two daughters(前+中+后) all other students(前+后) those last few minutes(中+后+后) 【专四真题】 Which of the following is INCORRECT? A. All his lectures were boring. B. Half his money was gone. C. Her few friends are all fond of dancing.D. He invited many his friends to the party.译文:下列哪句话是错误的? 分析:四个选项中出现的限定词分别是: all half是前位限定词,her和his是中位限定词,many和few是后位限定词。因此D项不对,只能说 e invited many friends to the party.或者 He invited many of his friends to the party.(他邀请了很多朋友来参加他的派对。)
英语语法打卡英语语法打卡第10天: It' s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security建立并保护自己的个人财务安全是明智之举。(不定式短语to build.为真正主语,it为形式主语) It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.广告商会对此作何反应仍不清楚。(how引导的从句为真正主语,it为形式主语) It is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go else- where.财力和关注都投入到科学界而非其他地方,这当然是好事一桩。(that引导的从句为真正主语,it为形式主语) 【考研真题】 t turns out hat he peculiar way f conducting he experiments may have o misleading n- terpretations of what happened. 分析①it为形式主语,真正主语是that引导的从句。 ②主语从句的主干是 the peculiar way may have led to misleading interpretations介词短语 of conducting the experiments作定语,修饰way;句末 of what happened修饰 interpretations【译文】结果表明,特殊的实验方式可能会误导人们理解所发生的事情。 【考研真题】 In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. 分析①it为形式主语,真正主语是that引导的从句。 ②主语从句的主干是 the critics would write about the events介词短语 in detail and at length作方式状语,修饰从句谓语动词 write。句末 events被省略了关系代词的定语从句they
英语语法打卡英语语法打卡第9天: 四原因状语从句 1.引导原因状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Cause )的连词或复合连询 because,as,c, for now that, in that, seeing that, considering that, on the ground(s) that BecauseSinceAs the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.因为天气很差,我们不得不推迟旅程。(主句前不可同时用so) She disliked him on the grounds) that he is lazy.因为他懒,所以她不喜欢他 A gas differs from solid in that it has no definite shape. 气体不同于固体的地方就在于它没有 定的形状。 【专四真题】 Barry had an advantage over his mother he could speak French. A. since that B.in that . at that D. so that 译文:巴里比他母亲强的一点在于他能讲法语。 分析: in that为固定词组,表示“既然,因为”,可引导原因状语从句,因此选项B正确。A项中的 since也有“既然,由于”的意思,但一般不接that ---------------------- 2. because, since,as和for表示原因时的区别: ● because, since,as表示因果关系语气由强到弱,在强调句式中,若强调原因状语从句,只能用be cause引导; ●for引导的分句只是对前面分句加以解释,说明推断的理由,并且只能后置。 It was because he was late that he didnt' go with us.正因为他来晚了,才没有和我们一道去。(because不可以换成 since或as) The fuel must have been finished, for the engine stopped.燃料一定是用完了,因为发动机停了。3.not. because否定 because引导的从句 在由 because引导的主从复合句中,如果主句中含有否定词not,则可能是否定 because引导的从句如 She didn't' marry you because you had money.= She married you not because you had money她嫁给你,不是因为你有钱 The mountain is not famous because it is high. The mountain is famous not because it ishigh.这山有名,并不是因为它的高度。
英语语法打卡英语语法打卡第7天笔记: 介词的分类 1.简单介词     常见的有:in,on,at, under, above,to,over,ff, about,for,from,of,with, without, after,by, down, before, into, through, within, till, during, between,out,away等。 2.介词短语       介词短语(prepositional phrase)是由两个或两个以上的词合成的一个作介语用的短语。这类短语的最 后一个词一定是介词。如: instead of代替,而不是 in place of代替 in front of在……前面 thanks to多亏 owing to∥ due to由于,归功于 in view of考虑到,由于 on account of由于 because of因为 for the purpose of为了 for the sake of为了 by means of依靠 at the cost of以为代价 with regard to关于 as for至于 asto关于,至于 according to根据 in accordance with依照 in spite of不管 along with与……一道 together with和,连同 apart from除……之外 in addition to除……之外on behalf of代表 next to仅次于,与……邻接 3.现在分词或过去分词形式的介词       有极少数的介词由分词演变而来,其中有些也可用作分词,如: notwithstanding虽然 including包括 wanting无,缺 considering考虑到 given考虑到 pending在……期间 barring除…外 excepting除……之外 saving除…外 concerning关于 respecting关于 touching关于
英语语法打卡英语语法打卡第六天笔记: 多个形容词修饰同一名词时,它们通常按下列顺序排列: ①限定词(aan,the,this,his,one, first,etc.) ②表示特征或性质等描述性形容词(good, pretty,etc.) ③表示大小、长短、高低的形容词(big,long g, little,etc.) ④表示形状的形容词(round, elliptical, square,etc.) ⑤表示年龄、新旧的形容词(old, young,new,etc.) ⑥表示颜色的形容词(red, yellow,etc.) ⑦表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词(America, southern, Italian,etc.) ⑧表示物质材料的形容词(wooden, rocky,tin,etc ⑨表示用途、类别的形容词(medical, writing,etc.) 记忆口诀:“美小圆旧黄,中国木书房” “美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词;“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类”形容词;“圆”代表“形状类”形容 词;“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类”形容词;“黄”代表颜色类”形容词;“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类”形容 词;“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类”形容词;“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类”形容词;“房”代表“中心名 词”。如: beautiful large green Chinese carpet一块漂亮宽大的绿色的中国地毯 useful big white wooden box一个有用的大的白色的木盒
英语语法打卡语法打卡第4天笔记: •either, neither,both的用法 (1)这三个词都只能指两个人或两件事物both两者都”, either“两者中任何一个”, neither“两者都不”。这三个词也可作形容词用,后接名词。主语时, either, neither与单数连用,both与复数连用。如: Neither car is exactly what want.这两辆车都不是我想要的。(作定语) Both look equally good.这两个看起来都好。(作主语) There are flowers on both sides of the street.路边长满了野花。(作定语,强调两边) There are flowers on either side of the street.路边长满了野花。(作定语,强调每一边) (2)both之后可接名词,也可接the或形容词性物主代词,再接名词; both of之后可接名词或代词,但接名词时,名词前必须有限定词the或形容词性物主代词;而either和 neither不能这样用,可用于 neither/either of+人称代词或 neither/either of the/these/thos如: Both the boys are clever.∥ Both of the boys are clever.∥ Both boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。 Either/Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很/不聪明。(不可去掉of) Neither of them can swim.他们俩没有一个会游泳。 •each,all和形容词 every的用法 (1)三者都可用来概括全体,但强调重点不同:ll指三者或三者以上的“全部”,整体性地考虑总体(具有概括性); every指三者或三者以上中的“每个,考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近);each指两者或两者以上的“每个”,是逐个逐个地考虑总体(具有个别性)
英语语法打卡英语语法打卡第三天:代词。 分为:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,相互代词,疑问代词,关系代词,不定代词。 人称代词:主格 I,he,she,it,we,you,they用作主语,表语或同位语 宾格 me,him,her,it,us,you,them用作宾语,宾语补语,同位语或独立使用 物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词( Possessive Pronoun) 1.形容词性物主代词有:my, his, her,is,our,your, their。形容词性物主代词具有形容词的功能,可修饰名词、动名词 A tree drops its leaves in autumn.树在秋天落叶。 比较: Our students should hard.我们的学生应读势力学习。(说话者不在学生之内) We students should study 我们学生应该努力学习。(说话者是学生) 2.名词性物主代词有:mine, his,her, its, ours, yours, thein。名词性物主代词起名词作用,能作主语、宾 语、表语,但不能作定语。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 Our school is much larger than theirs(= their school)我们的学比他们的大。 反身代词 反身代词( Reflexive Pronouns)也叫复合人称代词( Compound Personal Pronoun)由人称代词加sr 构成,共有9个词:met, yoursel, himself,, herself.,tse, oneself, Ourseei'selves和themselves。其用法有: 1.作宾语,此时宾语必须和主语或动作的发出者一致 et me introduce musel.我来介超一下自己。
语法学习打卡语法学习打卡第二天:名词与主谓一致。 名词分为专有名词(proper noun)和普通名词(common noun)专有名词主要指人名,地名及其他专有名称,如China,Columbus,Tom,Diana等。普通名词是一类人,或东西,或一个抽象概念,如book,joy等。普通名词分为以下4类:个体名词,集体名词(这两类可数);物质名词,抽象名词(这两类不可数) 主谓一致指主语和谓语在人称和数方面的一致关系。一般情况下,主谓一致由下面3个原则支配:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近原则。
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